A Study to Evaluate the effectiveness of Multi Component Therapy on Weight, Memory and Concentration among Overweight children in selected schools at Dharapuram
Florance J.1, Lakshmi Priya J.2
1Child Health Nursing, Bishop’s College of Nursing, Dharapuram, Tamil Nadu, India.
2Vice Principal, Professor and Head of the Department, Child Health Nursing,
Bishop’s College of Nursing, Dharapuram, Tamil Nadu, India.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: florancejohnson27@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Overweight are the important condition in the all over world and it was cause various problems in the body and reducing the memory and concentration in the children. Yoga and Exercise was reduced the weight of the children and improving the cognitive functions of the child. The study was aimed to a study to evaluate the effectiveness of Multi component therapy on Weight, Memory and Concentration among Overweight children in selected schools at Dharapuram. The research approach used for the study was evaluative approach. The research design used for the present study was quasi experimental non equivalent control group pre test post test only design. The conceptual framework was based on Modified Daniel. L. Stuffle Beam’s Evaluation Model. The screening done and sample was selected. The samples were selected by non - probability purposive sampling technique. Sample size was 60 children out of which 30 were in experimental group and 30 were in control group. The children weight being measured by using a digital weighing machine using BMI Calculation (IAP Body Mass Index (BMI) chart 2015), memory measured by using Modified IAP Standard and Memory Assessment and concentration measured by using Modified James M Swanson Concentration Assessment Rating Scale. The Multi component therapy was administered daily for a period of 30 days to overweight children. The data were analyzed and tabulated using descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean pre test weight 54.7(SD +6.9) and post test weight 54.2(SD+7.0) respectively. The mean post test value was lower than the mean pre test value with the mean difference of 0.5. The mean pre test level of memory 29(SD+6.6) and post test level of memory 46.8(SD+11.8) respectively. The mean post test value was higher than the mean pre test value with the mean difference is 17.8. The mean pre test level of concentration 45(SD+4.4) and post test level of concentration 64.5(SD+5.5) respectively. The mean post test value was higher than the mean pre test value with the mean difference is 19.5. The calculated independent “t” test value was 2.4 which was significant of p<0.05 level. The calculated independent “t” test value was 11.4, which was significant at p<0.05 level. The calculated independent “t” test value was 18 which was significant at p<0.05 level. There was a weak negative correlation between weight and memory. The r value was -0.17. There was a weak negative correlation between concentration and weight. The r value was - 0.28. There was a positive correlation between memory and concentration. The r value was 0.52. The study findings revealed that Multi component therapy was convenient, easy to do, highly feasible to reduce weight and improves the health and well being of the children. The multi component therapy was useful to improve the academic performance of the children.
KEYWORDS: Super brain yoga, Exercise, Diet, Memory, Concentration.
INTRODUCTION:
Children are a precious gift from God, created in God’s image. As such, god wants to create gifts to be valued and cared. Healthy development means that children of all abilities, with including special health care needs and grow up with social, emotional and educational needs should be met. Proper nutrition, exercise and sleep also can make a big difference in life. The overweight children looks bubbly, fat and cuddly child no longer a happier children. It affects and causes serious health problems in the body. Memory and concentration deficits occurs with changes in structure and function of brain due to dys regulation of hormones in brain regions includes hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus affect the cognition of obese children. Super brain Yoga is often termed to be “the new way of yoga that improves the brain”. It energizes the body, activate the brain, increases sharpness, creativity and improves the psychological health status of the individual. Skipping is one of the fitness exercises help to resolve the health problem of childhood obesity. A healthy diet is important for throughout life, it promote physical and mental health. Multi component therapy can be practice as an effective among overweight children to reduce weight which ultimately improving the memory and concentration. This improves the health and well being of the children.
As per WHO estimates, 39 million children under the age of 5 years and an additional 340 million between 5 and 19 years of age are obese or overweight. Children aged 2-17 years reported the prevalence of overweight and obesity as 18.2% by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) classification and 23.9% by Role of Pediatricians in Childhood Obesity. The Indian overweight and obese children tobe reach an overwhelming 17.3 million by 2025. By 2030, India will have a prevalence of approximately 10.81% childhood obesity among the 5-9 year age group, and around 6.23% prevalence of obesity among teenagers in the age group of 10-19 years. In Tamil Nadu, both overweight and obese children have increased by nearly 19% respectively due to the sedentary lifestyle.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
Research approach: An Evaluative research approach was adopted for this study.
Research design: The research design selected for the study was quasi experimental Non-equivalent control group pre and post test only design.
Setting of the study: The main study was conducted in St. Aloysius Girls Higher Secondary School and NCP Boys Higher Secondary School at Dharapuram for the experimental group and CSI Girls Higher Secondary School and CSI Boys Higher Sec School at Dharapuram for the control group. St. Aloysius Girls Higher Secondary School is situated near in Taluk office at Dharapuram. The total population of 4000-4500 and 450-500 children under the age of 13-14 years and NCP Boys Higher Secondary School is situated in Pollachi Road at Dharapuram. The total population of 650-700 and 330-350 children under the age of 13-14 years. In CSI Girls Higher Secondary School situated in the C.S.I Mission Compound, Dharapuram. The total population of 450-500 and 100-110 children under the age of 13-14 years and In CSI Boys Higher Secondary School situated in Ellis Nagar, Dharapuram. The total population of 450-500 and 100-120children under the age of 13-14 years.
Population: The study population was children who were overweight.
Sample: The Sample of the study consists of overweight Children were who are aged betwee (13 -14yrs).
Sample Size: The sample size for the study was 60, 30 were in the experimental group and 30 were in the control group.
Sampling Technique: The samples were selected by using the non-probability purposive sampling technique used. In the experiments group, 15 samples from the St. Aloysius girls high sec school and 15 samples from the NCP boys higher secondary school were allotted for study. In the control group, 15 samples from CSI girls high sec school and 15 samples from CSI boys higher secondary school were allotted for study.
Instrument and scoring procedure:
The tool consists of 4 parts.
Part I:
It consists of demographic variables such as age, gender, educational status, religion, type of family, family monthly income, No. of siblings, How often will you take non-vegetarian food in a week, Do you like junk food, Leisure activities of the child, Favorite snacks, and Physical activities of the child.
Part II:
Children Overweight is assessed by a digital weighing Machine and it was adopted from the Indian Academy of Paediatrics Body Mass Index (BMI) chart 2015.
Part III:
Memory was assessed by Short term memory questionnaire. The short-term memory questionnaire consists of 15 questions. Scores are considered Poor (1-27), Average (28-54) and Good (55-80). Scores range from 1-80, with higher scores indicating well in memory level. The tool is adopted from Dr. Saul Mcleod (2009) and its scores are adopted from (Modified IAP Standard and Memory Assessment).
Part IV:
Concentration is assessed by a Concentration questionnaire. Concentration questionnaire consists of 20 questions out of which 10 are positive questions (1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11, 12, 15, 19, 20) and 10 are negative questions (2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18). Scores are considered as poor (1-20), good (21-40), best (41-60) and excellent (61-80). Scores range from 1-80, with higher scores is excellent concentration levels. The tool is adopted from (Modified James M Swanson Concentration Assessment Rating Scale).
Validity:
The accuracy of the digital weighing machine was assessed by Karl Pearson's correlation formula and the score is r = 0.94.
Reliability:
The reliability of the Memory tool was assessed by Cronbach's alpha formula α= 0.836. The reliability of the Concentration tool was assessed by the internal consistency split half method by the Karl Pearson formula r = 0.891.
Assess the demographic variables of experimental group and control group. Assess thepre test level of memory using modified IAP standard and memory assessment in experimental group and control group among overweight children. Assess the pre test level of concentration using modified James M. Swanson concentration assessment rating scale in experimental and control group. The Investigator planned Multi component therapy compression of super brain yoga, skipping and administration of horse gram recepies to overweight children for 30 days. The administration of Multi component therapy of super brain yoga 18 squats for 20 minutes, exercise skipping 100 counts for 25 minutes and horse gram diet recepies consists of 50 grams of horse gram thogayal and 200ml of horse gram rasam was administered every other day for a period of 30 days in experimental group. The children weight was checked on every 10 days like 11th day, 21st day and 31st day and average value was taken as post test weight score for experimental and control group. The post test of memory and concentration done on 31st day in experimental group and control group. The data were collected and analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Table 1: showed that the mean pre test weight in experimental group 54.7 (SD +6.9) and post test mean score 54.2 (SD+ 7.0) and mean difference was 0.5. The post mean score (54.2) is lower than pre test mean score (54.7). The calculated paired “t” test value was 27 which was significant at p< 0.05 level, which showed that Multi component therapy is effective in reducing the weight. Hence H1, the mean post test weight is significantly lower the mean pre test level of weight among overweight children in experimental group was accepted.
Table 1: Comparison of mean, standard deviation, mean difference and Paired “t” value of pre test and post test level of weight among overweight children in experimental group. n = 30
|
Level of Weight |
Mean |
Standard Deviation |
Mean Difference |
Paired “T” Value |
Table Value |
Inferences |
|
Pre test |
54.7 |
+6.9 |
0.5 |
27 |
2.05 |
S* |
|
Post test |
54.2 |
+7.0 |
df= 29 S* = significant p<0.05
Table 2: Comparison of mean, standard deviation, mean difference and Paired “t” value of pre test and post test level of memory among overweight children in experimental group. n= 30
|
Level of memory |
Mean |
Standard Deviation |
Mean Difference |
Paired “T” Value |
Table Value |
Inferences |
|
Pre test |
29 |
+6.6 |
17.8 |
26 |
2.05 |
S* |
|
Post test |
46.8 |
+11.8 |
df = 29 S* = significant p<0.05
Table 3: Comparison of mean, standard deviation, mean difference and Paired “t” value of pre test and post test level of concentration among overweight children in experimental group. n= 30
|
Level of Concentration |
Mean |
Standard Deviation |
Mean Difference |
Paired “T” Value |
Table Value |
Inferences |
|
Pre test |
45 |
+4.4 |
19.5 |
17.25 |
2.05 |
S* |
|
Post test |
64.5 |
+5.5 |
df = 29 S*= significant p<0.05
Table 2: showed that the mean pre test level of memory in experimental group was 29(SD+6.6) and post test mean score was 46.8(SD+11.8) and mean difference was 17.8. The post mean score (46.8) is higher than pre test mean score (29). The calculated paired “t” test value was 26 which was significant at p<0.05 level, which showed that Multi component therapy is effective in improving the memory level. Hence H2, the mean post level of memory is significantly higher the mean pre test level of memory among overweight children in experimental group was accepted.
Table 3: showed that, In experimental group the mean pre test level of concentration 45(SD+4.4) and post level of concentration 64.5(SD+5.5) and mean difference was 19.5. The post mean score (64.5) is higher than pre test mean score (45). The calculated paired “t” test value was 17.25 which was significant at p<0.05 level, which showed that Multi component therapy is effective in improving the concentration level. Hence H3, the mean post level of concentration is significantly higher the mean pre test level of concentration among overweight children in experimental group was accepted.
Table 4: showed that the mean post testlevel weight in experimental group 54.2(SD+7.0) was significantly lower than the mean post testweight in control group 57.1(SD+5.6) and mean difference was 2.9. The calculated independent “t” test value was 2.4 which was significant of p<0.05 level of significance. Hence H4, the mean post level of weight in experimental group is significantly lower the mean post level of weight among overweight children in control group was accepted.
Table 5: showed that the mean post level of memory in experimental group 46.8(SD+11.8) was significantly higher than the mean post level of memory in control group 22(SD+4.7) and mean difference was 24.8. The calculated independent “t” test value was 11.4 which was significant at p< 0.05 level of significance. Hence H5, the mean post level of memory in experimental group is significantly higher the mean post level of memory among overweight children in control group was accepted.
Table 6: showed that the mean post test level of concentration in experimental group 64.5(SD + 5.5) was significantly higher than the mean post level of concentration in control group 42.5 (SD+ 14.8) and mean difference was 22. The calculated independent “t” test value was 18 which was significant at p< 0.05 level of significance. Hence H6, the mean post level of concentration in experimental group is significantly higher the mean post level of concentration among overweight children in control group was accepted.
Table 4: Comparison of mean scores, standard deviation, mean difference and Independent “t” value of post test level of weight among overweight children between experimental group and control group. n1 = 301, n2 = 30
|
Groups |
Mean |
Standard Deviation |
Mean Difference |
Independent “T” Value |
Table Value |
Inferences |
|
Experimental Group |
54.2 |
+ 7.0 |
2.9 |
2.4 |
2.0 |
S* |
|
Control Group |
57.1 |
+5.6 |
df = 58 S* = significant p< 0.05
Table 5: Comparison of mean scores, standard deviation, mean difference and Independent “t” Value of post test level of memory among overweight children between experimental group and control group. n1= 301, n2 = 30
|
Groups |
Mean |
Standard Deviation |
Mean Difference |
Independent “T” Value |
Table Value |
Inferences |
|
Experimental Group |
46.8 |
+11.8 |
24.8 |
11.4 |
2.0 |
S* |
|
Control Group |
22 |
+4.7 |
df=58 S* = significant p<0.05
Table 6: Comparison of mean scores, standard deviation, mean difference and Independent “t” value and post test level of concentration among overweight children between experimental group and control group. n1= 30, n2 =30
|
Groups |
Mean |
Standard Deviation |
Mean Difference |
Independent “T” Value |
Table Value |
Inferences |
|
Experimental group |
64.5 |
+5.5 |
22 |
18 |
2.05 |
S* |
|
Control group |
42.5 |
+ 14.8 |
df= 58 S* = significant p< 0.05
There will be a significant association between the post test level of memory score among overweight children and their selected demographic variables in experimental group was not accepted. There will be a significant association between the post test level of concentration score among Overweight children and their selected demographic variable in experimental group was not accepted.
RESULTS AND DICUSSION:
Regarding age, in experimental group, majority 24(80%) belonged to 13 years of age, six (20%) belonged to 14 years of age. In control group, 18(60%) belonged to 13 years of age, 12(40%) belonged to 14 years of age.
Regarding Gender, in experimental group 15(50%) children were male and 15(50%) children were female. In control group 15(50%) children were male and 15(50%) children were female.
Regarding religion, in experimental group majority 25(84%) were Hindus and three (10%) were Christians and two (6%) were muslims. In control group, 18(60%) were Hindus, 11(37%) were Christians and one (3%) were muslims. Regarding type of the family, in experimental group, majority 16(54%) to nuclear family, 13(43%) belonged to joint family and one (3%) belonged to single parent family. In control group, majority 16(54%) belonged to nuclear family, 12(40%) belonged to joint family and two (6%) belonged to single parent family.
Regarding family monthly income, in experimental group, majority 11(37%) of the group had Rs. 10,001/-15,000/month, 10(33%) of the group had Rs. 5,001- Rs. 15,000/month and five (16%) of the group had Above Rs. 20,001/month, four (14%) had Rs. 15,001/-20.000/ month. In control group, majority 15(50%) of the group had Rs.10,001-Rs 15,000/month nine (30%) of the group had Rs. 5,001- Rs 10,000/month, four (14%) of the group had Rs. 15,001-Rs20,000/month and two (6%) of the group had Above Rs. 20,000/month.
Regarding No.of Siblings, in experimental group, majority 17(57%) had one child, 10(34%) had two children, two (6%) had none and one (3%) had three children or more. In control group, majority 18(60%) had two child, six (20%) had one child, five (17%) had three children or more and one (3%) had none.
Regarding type of food you like, in experimental group, majority 19(63%) had liked non vegetarian and 11(37%) liked vegetarian. In control group, majority 20(66%) had liked non vegetarian and 10(34%) liked vegetarian.
Regarding how often will you take, in experimental group, non vegetarian food in a week, majority 26(87%) had 1-2 times and four (13%) had 3-4 times. In control group, majority 25(84%) had 1-2 times and five (16%) had 3-4 times. Regarding Do you like junk food, in experimental group, majority 27(90%) were yes and three (10%) were no. In control group, majority 27(90%) were yes and three (10%) were no.
Regarding Leisure activities of the child, in experimental group, majority11(37%) were watching TV, nine (30%) were involved sports activities, six (20%) were playing video games, four (13%) were reading books. In control group, majority 12(40%) were watching TV, 11(37%) were involved sports activities, five (17%) were playing video games, two (6%) were reading books.
Regarding favorite snacks, in experimental group, majority eight (27%) had fruits, seven (23%) had oil items, six (20%) had dry fry items, five (17%) had fried items, three (10%) had boiled items and one (3%) had biscuits. In control group, majority 11(37%) had dry fry items, seven (23%) had fruits, five (17%) had fried items, three (10%) had oil items, three (10%) had boiled items and one (3%) had biscuits.
Regarding physical activities of child, in experimental group, majority 11(37%) were playing with friends, seven (23%) were cycling, seven (23%) were playing with mobiles, four (13%) were playing indoor games, one (4%) were involved in sports activities. In control group, majority 10(34%) were playing with mobiles, eight (27%) were playing with friends, eight (27%) were cycling, two (6%) were playing indoor games, two (6%) were involved sports activities.
The study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of Multi component therapy on Weight, Memory and Concentration among Overweight children in selected schools at Dharapuram. The calculated independent ‘t’ values was ‘t’ = 2.4 for weight, ‘t’ = 11.4 for memory and ‘t’ = 18 concentration which was significant at p < 0.05 level, where the result revealed that Multi component therapy was effective in reducing Weight, improving the Memory and Concentration among Overweight children.
The researcher concluded that Multicomponent therapy was convenient, easy to approach reduce weight and highly feasible. Hence the study concluded that Multi component therapy can be practice as an effective among overweight children to reduce weight which ultimately improving the memory and concentration. This improves the health and well being of the children.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
The authors have no conflict of interest regarding this investigation.
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Received on 23.05.2024 Revised on 18.08.2024 Accepted on 25.10.2024 Published on 16.12.2024 Available online on December 31, 2024 Int. J. Nursing Education and Research. 2024;12(4):231-236. DOI: 10.52711/2454-2660.2024.00049 ©A and V Publications All right reserved
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